{"id":38,"date":"2021-11-15T14:33:07","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T14:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/?page_id=38"},"modified":"2022-11-17T13:43:59","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T13:43:59","slug":"lanne-en-cours","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/lanne-en-cours\/","title":{"rendered":"Le sujet de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#f86001\">Les motifs au cin\u00e9ma<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le sujet du temps sur l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020-2021 &#8211; li\u00e9 \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 devenait plus lointaine et abstraite &#8211; il nous sembl\u00e9 int\u00e9ressant de revenir aux choses elles-m\u00eames. Elles sont la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re du cin\u00e9ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais si les choses film\u00e9es sont innombrables au sein d\u2019un film, beaucoup sont r\u00e9siduelles et n\u2019acc\u00e8dent pas au statut de motif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour qu\u2019une chose devienne motif, il faut que le cin\u00e9aste ait conscience de la fa\u00e7on dont il va la traiter (dans la mise en sc\u00e8ne, dans le sc\u00e9nario, par le cadre et la lumi\u00e8re) pour qu\u2019elle devienne un mat\u00e9riau de cin\u00e9ma, une pi\u00e8ce importante de son film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme un peintre qui choisit un bouquet de fleurs, une montagne ou un visage particulier pour en faire consciemment, avec la technique dont il dispose, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de sa toile et de sa repr\u00e9sentation picturale du monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On retrouve les<\/strong><strong> motifs \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux, \u00e9troitement imbriqu\u00e9s dans la cr\u00e9ation du film<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des choses du monde<\/strong>. L\u2019arbre, le parapluie, la balan\u00e7oire, etc. Le cin\u00e9aste commence par les choisir comme motifs dont il a besoin ou envie pour son film. Puis il doit faire un choix parmi les choses qui appartiennent \u00e0 la m\u00eame cat\u00e9gorie&nbsp;: tel arbre, telle bicyclette, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des sites sc\u00e9nographiques basiques et r\u00e9currents<\/strong>&nbsp;: l\u2019escalier, le passage pi\u00e9tons, la fen\u00eatre, etc.&nbsp;Certains motifs de cin\u00e9ma, qui sont souvent des sites sc\u00e9nographiques, ont une grande puissance \u00ab&nbsp;racontante&nbsp;\u00bb. Ils induisent en m\u00eame temps des situations sc\u00e9nariques et offrent des virtualit\u00e9s fortes de d\u00e9coupage, de points de vue et de filmage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des moyens sp\u00e9cifiques du cin\u00e9ma<\/strong>. Le cin\u00e9ma utilise volontiers des motifs visuels qui ont des affinit\u00e9s avec son langage et ses dispositifs sp\u00e9cifique&nbsp;: la fen\u00eatre, le miroir, l\u2019ombre, etc\u2026 La fen\u00eatre, par exemple, est-elle film\u00e9e de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de la maison, comme un cadre dans le cadre, ou au contraire depuis l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la maison avec une \u00ab&nbsp;vue&nbsp;\u00bb sur l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur&nbsp;? Dans un plan ou quelqu\u2019un se regarde dans un miroir, le cin\u00e9aste choisit de ne montrer que le reflet dans le miroir ou au contraire d\u2019inclure dans le cadre le dos de celui qui se regarde. L\u2019ombre d\u2019un personnage est-elle film\u00e9e avec le personnage dans le m\u00eame cadre ou au contraire l\u2019ombre est-elle montr\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on isol\u00e9e, sans le personnage d\u2019o\u00f9 elle provient&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e9manant de<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>la th\u00e9matique personnelle du cin\u00e9aste.<\/strong> Certains cin\u00e9astes, comme certains peintres (C\u00e9zanne et la Sainte-Victoire, David Hockney et la piscine, Morandi et les bouteilles) ont des motifs de pr\u00e9dilection qui les inspirent et auxquels ils ne cessent de revenir. Comme les mains chez Bresson, les longs manteaux qui claquent au vent chez Sergio Leone, Les eaux stagnantes chez Tarkovski, les \u00ab&nbsp;fragments de nature&nbsp;\u00bb dans tous les films de Terrence Malick, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certains motifs finissent m\u00eame par porter la marque singuli\u00e8re qu\u2019un cin\u00e9aste leur a imprim\u00e9e, et sont constitutifs de sa po\u00e9tique. Par exemple, le motif \u00ab&nbsp;livre-visage&nbsp;\u00bb chez Godard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De nombreux motifs de cin\u00e9ma \u00e9taient d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9sents dans l\u2019histoire de la peinture&nbsp;:&nbsp; son suivra parfois la <strong>g\u00e9n\u00e9alogie peinture-cin\u00e9ma<\/strong> de certains motifs comme l\u2019arbre, la chevelure, le miroir, la balan\u00e7oire, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, certains motifs visuels se retrouvant dans de tr\u00e8s nombreux films, on pourra <strong>comparer <\/strong>comment les cin\u00e9astes les travaillent. Par exemple comment Jean Renoir, Nicholas Ray, Federico Fellini et Ingmar Bergman ont-ils film\u00e9 une femme \u00e0 la balan\u00e7oire&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Alain Bergala<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-medium-font-size\" style=\"color:#f86001\"><strong>Motifs in cinema<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the subject of time in the year 2020-2021 &#8211; associated with a period in which reality was becoming more distant and abstract &#8211; we thought it would be interesting to return to the things themselves. They are the raw material of cinema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But while the things that are shot are countless within a film, many of them are merely incidental and do not acquire the status of a motif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a thing to become a motif, the filmmaker must be aware of the way in which he or she is going to treat it (in the mise en sc\u00e8ne, in the script, through the frame and the light) so that it becomes a cinematic material, an important piece of the film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like a painter who chooses a bunch of flowers, a mountain or a particular face to consciously make it, with the technique at his disposal, an element of his canvas and his pictorial representation of the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Motifs can be found on several levels, closely intertwined in the creation of the film.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Things of the world.<\/strong> The tree, the umbrella, the swing, etc. The filmmaker begins by choosing them as motifs that he needs or wants for his film. Then he has to choose among the things that belong to the same category: this tree, that bicycle, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Basic and recurring scenographic sites<\/strong>: the staircase, the pedestrian crossing, the window, etc. Certain film motifs, which are often scenographic sites, have great \u00ab\u00a0narrative\u00a0\u00bb power. At the same time, they induce scenario situations and offer strong virtualities of cutting, of points of view and of filming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Specific means of cinema<\/strong>. Cinema willingly uses visual motifs that share an affinity with its language and specific dispositifs: the window, the mirror, the shadow, etc. Is the window, for example, shot from outside the house, as a frame within a frame, or on the contrary from inside the house with a \u00ab\u00a0view\u00a0\u00bb on the outside? In a shot where someone is looking into a mirror, does the filmmaker choose to show only the reflection in the mirror or, on the contrary, to include the back of the person looking at themselves in the frame? Is the shadow of a character filmed with the character in the same frame or is the shadow shown in isolation, without the character from whom it comes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Elements of the filmmaker&rsquo;s personal themes.<\/strong> Some filmmakers, like some painters (C\u00e9zanne and the Sainte-Victoire, David Hockney and the swimming pool, Morandi and the bottles) have favourite motifs that inspire them and to which they keep returning. Like Bresson&rsquo;s hands, Sergio Leone&rsquo;s long coats flapping in the wind, Tarkovsky&rsquo;s stagnant waters, the \u00ab\u00a0fragments of nature\u00a0\u00bb in all of Terrence Malick&rsquo;s films, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some motifs even end up bearing the singular mark that a filmmaker has stamped on them, and are constitutive of his poetics. For example, Godard&rsquo;s \u00a0\u00bb book-face \u00a0\u00bb motif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many cinema motifs were already present in the history of painting: we will sometimes follow <strong>the painting-cinema genealogy <\/strong>of certain motifs such as the tree, the hair, the mirror, the swing, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, as certain visual motifs can be found in many films, we can <strong>compare<\/strong> how filmmakers work with them. For example, how did Jean Renoir, Nicholas Ray, Federico Fellini and Ingmar Bergman shoot a woman on a swing?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alain Bergala<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les motifs au cin\u00e9ma Apr\u00e8s le sujet du temps sur l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020-2021 &#8211; li\u00e9 \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 devenait plus lointaine et abstraite &#8211; il nous sembl\u00e9 int\u00e9ressant de revenir aux choses elles-m\u00eames. Elles sont la mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/lanne-en-cours\/\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3142,"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38\/revisions\/3142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/lesmotifs.blogcinemacentansdejeunesse.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}